Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a heart condition caused by the incomplete opening of the aortic valve.
The aortic valve controls the direction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. When in good working order, the aortic valve does not impede the flow of blood between these two spaces. Under some circumstances, the aortic valve becomes narrower than normal, impeding the flow of blood. This is known as aortic valve stenosis, or aortic stenosis, often abbreviated as AS.
Contents

1 Pathophysiology
2 Etiology
3 Prevalence
4 Physical examination
5 The electrocardiogram (ECG) in aortic stenosis
6 Major complications of aortic stenosis
6.1 Congestive heart failure
6.2 Syncope
6.3 Angina
7 Associated symptoms
8 Cautions
9 Calculation of valve area
9.1 Planimetry
9.2 The continuity equation
9.3 The Gorlin equation
9.4 The Hakki equation
10 References